GPJ-A01 Laser Track Smoothness Detector
ForewordAccording to the accuracy requirements of railway track smoothness maintenance after large-scale speed-up of China's railways, the traditional maintenance methods, operation means and conditions are no longer suitable for the quality standards of 200km/h and above, and a simple, intuitive and precise track smoothness detection equipment is urgently needed on site. GPJ-A01 laser detector for track smoothness is a special high-precision laser detector for railway works, which is developed by Beijing Lat Laser Company in cooperation with the Works Department of Shanghai Railway Bureau, based on a number of core technologies with its own intellectual property rights and drawing on foreign advanced experience. It is mainly used for the accurate measurement and positioning of track direction, height and positive vector during manual track shifting operation in railway lines, especially in turnout areas and tunnels, especially for the construction of skylight points at night, so it is an effective detection device for works maintenance.The application of this product will promote China's railway precise measurement technology to a new level and provide technical guarantee for railway construction and operation.0B1. Composition of the instrumentGPJ-A01 laser detector for track smoothness consists of 1-L01 laser directional electronic theodolite, 2-L03 moving measuring target and 3-L02 reference positioning target, as shown in the figure below.
1.17BL01 laser directional electronic theodolite:
1.1.1 L01 Laser-oriented electronic theodolite is a device to provide detection benchmark, and its composition is shown in Figure 1.1.
Figure 1.1 Laser Directional Electronic Theodolite
1- telescope focusing handwheel 2- telescope eyepiece 3- handle 4- long level 5- ring grating laser launcher 6- rechargeable battery
7- Vertical inching 8- Operation key 9- Horizontal inching screw 10-LCD display 11- Base fixed handwheel12- Base adjustment horizontal handwheel 13- Ring grating laser emitting port 14- Telescope objective lens
U5- ring-grating laser launcher U is a device for emitting ring-grating laser spots, which provides a light source for testing reference.
U14- Telescope U is used to observe the position of laser spot;
U7- and U9-are horizontal and vertical axis micro-motion U adjusting devices, which can quickly and accurately adjust the laser axis to the working target;
U11- base fixed handwheel U is used to fix the laser-oriented electronic theodolite on the railway track;
U12- base adjustment horizontal handwheel u is used to level the laser-oriented electronic theodolite.
U4- long level U shows the vertical state of L01;
U8- operation key u is used for various operation settings;
U10-LCD liquid crystal display U is used to display the current working mode, time and indication value, etc.
1.1.2 Display and display marks
1.1.3 operation panel and operation keys
1.1.4 Turn on, turn off and turn on the laser.(1) Press the key (more than two seconds) to start the machine. All symbols are displayed on the display first, and then the symbols that require the vertical angle to be set to 0 are displayed.(2) Rotate the telescope to make the vertical angle zero.(3) Take off the protective cover of the laser launcher, and press and hold the "U angle/slope U" key (more than two seconds) when the laser is turned on.Press and hold the "U angle/slope U" key again (more than two seconds), and the laser will be turned off.(4) In the boot state, press the key (for more than two seconds) to turn off the power supply.note:In order to ensure the continuous operation of the instrument, attention should be paid to the electric quantity display. If the voltage is too low, the battery should be replaced. Please refer to 1.1.5 Voltage Display.
1.1.5 Voltage display
B1.2 L03 moving measuring target:
L03 mobile measuring target is composed of supporting rod, base, long level, horizontal adjusting bolt, measuring rod, optical target surface and large target surface, as shown in Figure1.2.
The bottom of the support rod (9) is provided with an adjusting screw for correcting the height of the target surface;
The base (2) is provided with four measurement positioning reference points, and is used for placing the measurement target on the track measurement sampling point;
The scale (5) is use for measuring that vector distance of the curve segment;
The horizontal adjust bolt (4) is used for adjust that level of the measuring target;
Generally, the optical target (1) can be used for measurement when the daylight is strong, and the large target surface (9) can be replaced for measurement at night or when the daylight is weak.
1- optical target 2- slider 3- locking screw 4- cross bar 5- ruler 6- long level 7- connecting rod8- Adjusting Rod 9- Large Receiving Target
Figure 1.2 Schematic diagram of measuring target
1.29BL02 benchmark positioning target:
L02 reference positioning target consists of a base and an optical target, and its functions are:
1. Used for the calibration of L03 moving measuring target;
2, as a positioning benchmark during measurement;
3. Self-calibration of laser reference line in measurement.
1- light inlet tube 2- observation well 3- locking nail 4- target rod 5- adjusting horizontal wheel 6- long level 7- fixture 8- fixing handwheel
Fig. 1.3 schematic diagram of l02 reference positioning target
21B technical parameters
2.1 GPJ-A01 laser detector for track smoothness
Measuring range: 0-100m.
Indication error of rail direction measurement: ≤0.5mm when the measuring range is 100mm.
Indication error of height measurement: ≤0.5mm when the measuring range is 100mm.
Indication error of vector distance measurement: ≤0.5mm when the measuring range is 100mm.
The consistency deviation between the center of the laser ring grating, the center of the measuring target and the center height of the rail top positioning plane: ≤ 0.1 mm.
The consistency deviation between the center of the laser ring grating's visual axis and the center of the measuring target and the orbital positioning plane is ≤ 0.1 mm.
Environmental conditions: ambient temperature-20℃ ~+50℃
Relative humidity ≥ 90% RH
2.2 L01 laser directional electronic theodolite
Wavelength of laser emitted light: 658nm
Optical power of instrument laser exit pupil: ≤5mw
Laser life: > 5000 hours
Liquid crystal display: LCD double-sided.
Angle measurement resolution: 0.5 "
Accuracy of long level: 30″/2mm
Power supply: Ni-MH rechargeable battery 7.2V
Continuous working hours: 8 hours
2.3 L03 moving measuring target
Leveling accuracy of long level: 20″/2mm.
Range of measuring curve vector distance: 0 ~ 500mm.
Target range: 25 mm in track direction of optical target surface and 25 mm in track top;
Track direction of large target surface is 90 mm.
Rail top +135mm -80mm
2.4 L02 reference positioning target
Leveling accuracy of long level: 20″/2mm.
Target range: 25 mm in rail direction and 25 mm in rail top.
2.5 Configuration and Weight
2B3 measurement principle
GPJ-A01 breaks through the traditional chord measurement method and inertial reference method in measuring principle, and then calculates the disadvantages of the track long-wave ride comfort deviation detection method, and directly establishes a 100-meter-long chord parallel to the track in space, which makes the indirect measurement method become a direct measurement method and greatly reduces the cumulative error of measurement.
The measuring principle of GPJ-A01 is to establish a 100m datum line parallel to the top and direction of the track. Use this datum line to measure the deviation of each measuring point within 100m m. This method can be called "100m direct chord survey", which is scientific, accurate, intuitive and reliable. See figure 3.1.
Figure 3.1 Schematic diagram of smoothness measurement principle
According to the above measurement principle, the measurement method of GPJ-A01 is to put L01 laser-oriented electronic theodolite and L02 reference positioning target on two reference points of the railway track and adjust the laser sight axis of L01 to make the center of the ring grating laser beam on the center of L02 reference positioning target, so as to establish a reference line in space, which is parallel to the top surface and rail direction surface of the two reference points of the track. If the track is in an ideal smooth state, the measuring target moves at each measured point between two reference points, and the light spot is always at the center of the measuring target. On the contrary, the light spot is not at the center of the measuring target, which means that the track is not smooth. The height of the track top and the deviation of the track direction are determined by the distance of the light spot from the center of the measuring target.
In order to ensure the realization of the above measurement principle and the accuracy and high precision of the measurement results, GPJ-A01 has the following characteristics:(1) In design, L01 ensures that the laser visual axis is in common with the horizontal axis and the vertical axis (this point is called the midpoint), which ensures the accuracy of measurement and the simplicity of calibration in use. The ring grating laser source is equipped with a spatial phase modulator, and the laser spot emitted is annular, and there is no need to focus in the whole working range, which improves the spot centering accuracy. See the figure below:
Figure 3.2 Laser Ring Grid Pattern
(2)GPJ-A01 adopts the contour parallel design.
The laser-oriented electronic theodolite, the reference positioning target and the moving measuring target are designed to ensure that the center of the target and the midpoint of the laser-oriented electronic theodolite are in the same relative position relative to the top surface of the track, that is, on the extension surface of the rail action edge, thus ensuring that:
A, that midpoint of the lase directional electronic theodolite is equal to the center of the move measuring target;
B, the midpoint of the laser-oriented electronic theodolite is equal to the center of the reference positioning target.(3) The target surface of L03 moving measuring target is laterally movable, and there is a scale on the target scale to measure the vector distance of the curve.
43B Usage method
4.1 install L01 laser directional electronic theodolite
(1) Place L01 at a datum point of the railway track to be measured, and tighten the fixed handwheel of the base;
(2) Adjust the horizontal handwheel of L01 to center the blister.
4.2 Install the reference positioning target
(1) Place L02 at another datum point of the track to be measured, so that the base can reliably contact and lock with the top surface and the rail direction surface of the track;
(2) Leveling the long level, with the bubble in the center, to ensure that L02 is vertical.
4.3 Establishment of measurement baseline
(1) Start L01: Turn on the power supply, and turn the laser sight tube to cross zero, so that the horizontal and vertical angles can be displayed on the LCD.
(2) Loosen the horizontal brake screw and the vertical brake screw, roughly adjust the spot center of L01 laser ring grating on the target surface of L02 positioning target through the telescope, lock the brake screw, and then align the center of its laser ring grating with the center of the positioning target through the inching screw.
4.4 Measure the deviation between the rail direction and the rail top of the straight line section.
Put the L03 measuring target at the track detection point in turn and level it, observe and record the deviation between the center of the moving measuring target and the center of the laser ring grating spot.
4.5 Measure the vector distance of curve or the longitudinal distance of vertical curve.
Figure 4.1 Schematic diagram of track curve measurement
Curve vector distance detection reference curve vector distance detection schematic diagram. First, set the chord length a in the curve segment, and set L01 and L02 according to the beginning and end of the chord length, and establish the measurement baseline. Set the L03 moving measuring target at the orbit measuring point in turn, align the measuring target with the center of the ring grating laser spot by translation, and read the measured vector distance at this point by a ruler. The measured vector distance can be compared with the planned vector distance, or all the measured vector distances can be compared by long chord measurement, so as to find out the jumping point that affects the track smoothness and correct it.
The vertical distance of vertical curve can be measured by the method of measuring the rail top of straight section.4.6 How to use GPJ-A01 data analysis softwareGPJ-A01 data analysis software is a post-processing software for the field measurement data of GPJ-A01 track smoothness laser detector. It can process the field measurement data of straight lines, transition curves and circular curves, extend the measurement distance by processing the overlapping measurement data, and analyze the track smoothness with different chord lengths.Steps to use the software:(1) Open the PDA equipped with the instrument, double-click the GPJ-A01 data analysis software on the desktop or directly press the APP1 key on the keyboard to run this software. The software interface is shown in the following figure:
(2) The measurement data can be entered on the spot through the PDA while measuring, or after the measurement is completed. When entering, firstly, select "sleeper" or "mileage" in the parameter setting area according to the measurement interval type, and "sleeper" means one measurement per sleeper or several sleepers. "Mileage" means the distance of each measuring point relative to 0 point, with the unit of m. After selection, enter the sleeper number or distance in the first column of the data entry area, and then enter the measured track data and height data in the second column of "Track Data 1" and the third column of "Height Data 1" respectively. If lap measurement is carried out, it will be recorded in the fourth column of "Track Data 2" and the fifth column of "Track Data 2" according to the lap length. If there is a third measurement, continue to select the starting position of the lap joint in "Track Data 1" and "Height Data 1" and input data, as shown in the following figure:
(3) After the measurement data is input, set the "point spacing" and "chord length interval" in the parameter setting area. For example, if the measuring point spacing is 10m, enter 10 in the "point spacing", and if the "chord length interval" is set to 3, the chord length will be displayed as 20m, and if the "chord length interval" is entered as 5, the chord length will be displayed as 40m. That is, chord length = (chord length interval -1)× point spacing."0" of "linear code" means straight line, "1" means transition curve, "2" means circular curve, and "3" means reserved area. Different codes indicate that programs adopt different processing methods for data. "Start serial number" means the first serial number of all measuring points of the same line type. When setting the line type selection, if all the measured data are straight lines, enter "0" under "Start Serial Number" and "0" under "Line Type Code"; If all the measured data are transition curves, enter "0" under "Start Serial Number" and "1" under "Line Code"; If all the measured data are circular curves, enter "0" under "Start Serial Number" and "2" under "Line Code". After parameter setting, click the "Unified Coordinate System" program to convert the data into coordinates, and the processing results will be displayed in the unified data of track direction and high and low, as shown in the following figure:
(4) Then click "Data Analysis" to calculate the normal vector and difference of the set chord length of the data, as shown in the following figure:
"Track direction difference" means that the same type of data is fitted on the selected chord length for the data of the same linear type, and the minimum serial number of the measuring points participating in the fitting is defined as the chord serial number. The track difference of a measuring point is the absolute value of the difference between the measured value of the point and all the curves (or straight lines) that the point participates in fitting, while the chord number indicates the starting number of the fitting point that produces the absolute value of the maximum difference with the point.The definition of "height difference" is the same as "track difference". The only difference is that the height difference is not linear, but is calculated by straight line fitting.
(5) Click "Show Graph" to see the difference between track direction and height and the normal vector graph, as shown in the following figure:
The graph displays the positive vector and difference value of the track direction by default, with the blue curve representing the positive vector and red representing the difference value. You can also choose to display only the positive vector or only the difference value by pressing the "Positive Vector" and "Difference Value" buttons on the right. Click the "Show Height" button to display the positive vector and difference curve of height.By changing the number of interval points of chord length above the graph, the normal vector and difference can be calculated with different chord lengths and a graph can be drawn, and the long wave irregularity of the track can be displayed by calculating the normal vector and difference with long chord. As shown in the figure below:
Example of transition curve: 20m chord length curve.
40m chord length curve
Example of circular curve: 20m chord length curve.
40m chord length curve:
4.7 On-site calibration method of moving measuring targetIn the measurement work, the consistency of measuring buses L01, L02 and L03 will have a certain impact on the measurement results. If necessary, the L03 mobile measuring target should be calibrated on site before the measurement work. The specific methods are as follows:
(1) Select a track line with good straightness;
(2) Install L01 laser directional electronic theodolite and L02 reference positioning target on the track with reference to 4.1 and 4.2, and level the bubbles of L01 and L02 respectively, with the distance between L01 and L02 being 10 cm-30cm; As shown in the figure below:
(3) according to the method of 4.3, the laser spot center of L01 coincides with the center of L02 positioning target; As shown in the figure below:
(4) Write down the position of L02 on the track (mark it with a pencil), then take L02 down, and L01 will not move, then assemble L03 and put it on the track where L02 was just placed, and level the bubbles of the measuring target. As shown in the figure below:
(5) Carefully observe whether the scales of the Y axis and the X axis on the measuring target surface of the left and right edges and the upper and lower edges of the light spot are symmetrical at L03. If they are all symmetrical, it means that the measuring target benchmark can be used continuously without deviation, as shown in the following figure:
(6) If the scales of the left and right edges and the upper and lower edges of the light spot are deviated on the Y axis or the X axis on the L03 measuring target surface, it is necessary to calibrate the measuring target.The adjustment of Y-axis direction can be made by measuring the adjusting screw at the bottom of the support rod of the target head, as shown in the figure:
The specific adjustment amount is half of the difference between the upper and lower scales of the light spot on the Y axis. For example, the value of the upper edge of the light spot in the positive direction of the Y axis is =7.5mm, and the value of the lower edge of the light spot in the negative direction of the Y axis is =7.1mm, then the adjustment amount in the Y axis direction is =(-)/2=(7.5-7.1)/2=0.2mm, that is, the measurement target is adjusted upward in the Y axis direction. As shown in the figure below:
Take down the measuring target head, use the screwdriver in the tool kit to rotate the adjusting screw at the bottom of the supporting rod of the measuring target head counterclockwise to raise the height of the measuring target by 0.2mm, put it back on the target head and check whether the scales of the upper and lower edges of the light spot on the Y axis are equal, if so, it can be used, otherwise, continue to adjust it according to the above method until it is equal. If it is negative, it means that the measuring target head needs to be adjusted downward in the Y-axis direction, that is, the adjusting screw should be rotated clockwise to reduce the height of the measuring target.The adjustment of the X-axis direction can be adjusted by the reference jacking wire at the left end of the measuring rod, as shown in the following figure:
First, check whether the Y axis is vertical through the vertical ball suspension spring; if it is not vertical, make it vertical through the horizontal adjustment screw, and check whether the bubble of the measuring rod is in the central position. If the bubble deviates, it needs to be adjusted with the angle in the tool kit. When the bubble is in the central position and the Y axis is vertical, then observe whether the left and right scales of the left and right edges of the light spot are equal on the X axis. If not, the adjustment amount is half of the difference between the left and right scales of the light spot on the X axis, specifically. For example, if the value of the left edge of the light spot on the left side of the X axis is =7.6mm, and the value of the right edge of the light spot on the right side of the X axis is =7.0mm, then the adjustment amount in the X axis direction is =(-)/2=(7.6-7.0)/2=0.3mm, that is, the adjustment amount of the measuring target to the left in the X axis direction is 0.3mm.. As shown in the figure below:
Move the measuring target head to the right, use the inner hexagon wrench in the tool kit to rotate the reference top screw clockwise to move the positioning reference of the measuring target to the left by 0.3mm, lean the measuring target head against the reference top screw and check whether the scales of the left and right edges of the light spot on the X axis are equal, if so, it can be used, otherwise, continue to adjust according to the above method until it is equal. If it is negative, it means that the measuring target head needs to be adjusted to the right in the X-axis direction, that is, the adjusting reference top wire should rotate clockwise to move the positioning reference of the measuring target to the right.
Troubleshooting of 4B5 instrument
5B6 Precautions
6.1, avoid vibrationWhen transporting instruments, it is best to pack them or consider earthquake-proof measures to avoid serious collision with the instruments.
6.2, installation and disassemblyWhen installing the instrument on the track, you should hold the sighting part of the instrument with one hand and rotate the fixed screw of the base with the other hand to prevent the instrument from slipping, and the same should be done when unloading the instrument. Keep the instrument in an upright position. If the distance is far away, remove the instrument and put it in the instrument box for handling.
When installing, be sure to tighten the base fixing screw before adjusting the horizontal screw and the spring jacking screw. When disassembling, it is just the opposite. Be sure to loosen the horizontal adjusting screw first.
6.3, keep clean
(1) After the instrument is used, use a flannel or a brush to remove the dust on the surface of the instrument, and dry the instrument in time after it is drenched by rain. Do not use chemical wipes to scrub the battery box and plastic parts. If necessary, use a soft cloth soaked in water to scrub the above parts. When cleaning exposed optical parts, wipe them gently with absorbent cotton or lens paper. Never wipe the surface of optical parts with handkerchiefs or clothes.
(2) The filter is prohibited from touching, scratching, touching and other pollution. After the instrument is used, cover the light target protection cover in time. If dust and fingerprints are accidentally stuck on the filter during use, please blow it with a hair dryer or wipe it with lens paper, and never blow it with your hand or mouth.
6.4, avoid the sun for a long time according to the instrument.
Do not place the instrument in an extremely hot place or be exposed to sunlight for a long time, otherwise the measurement accuracy of the instrument will be affected.6.5, check the battery
Check the battery voltage before using the instrument to ensure the normal use of the instrument.6.6, ensure no shelter and movement.In the process of measuring the line, the laser-oriented electronic theodolite must not be disturbed, collided or blocked by other objects. If the position of the laser-oriented electronic theodolite changes during the measurement, it needs to be measured again.
6.7 Instructions after use
(1) The instrument should be placed in a ventilated and dry place, and pay attention to moisture prevention. If the instrument is not used for a long time (more than one month), it should be ventilated at least once a month. In winter, when it is taken from the outdoor to the indoor, it should be left for a period of time before unpacking, so as to avoid condensation in the machine, which will cause short circuit of the electrical circuit and affect the life of the filter.
(2) When the laser directional electronic theodolite doesn't work for a long time, be sure to take out the battery to avoid internal corrosion;Please dispose of waste batteries properly to avoid other pollution.
6B7 safety instructions
This description can help users of GPJ-A01 laser track smoothness detector correctly understand the possible dangers in use, so as to take preventive measures in advance.
Users should ensure to read and follow this manual.
10B7.1 Scope of use of the instrumentThe following is the designated scope of use of GPJ-A01 track smoothness laser detector: detection of railway straight smoothness and curve vector distance.11B7.2 forbidden rangeA start this instrument without reading this manual.B used outside the scope of use specified by the instrument.C destroy the safety system, remove the instructions or danger signs.D use a tool (such as a screwdriver) to open this instrument.E transform this instrument.Warning: using prohibited methods will lead to failure, loss and personal injury. Do not operate the GPJ-A01 track smoothness laser detector until you know how to use it.12B7.3 Use restrictionsSuitable for human survival environment, can not be used in flammable and explosive environment.The instrument user must ensure that the instrument is operated according to the instructions.Instrument users have the following responsibilities:A must understand the product safety instructions and instructions in the user manual;B must be familiar with the enterprise's work safety operation norms;C Please contact the manufacturer immediately in case of unusual failure of the instrument.13B7.4 Possible problems in use7.4.1 When using faulty instruments, collided instruments, misused or modified instruments, wrong measurement results may appear. Instruments should be tested regularly. Pay attention to the cleanliness of the optical lens and the integrity of the body of GPJ-A01 track smoothness laser detector.7.4.2 When the vibration of the measurement environment is relatively large, it may cause wrong measurement results. To avoid large vibration in the measurement environment.14B7.5 laser levelThe laser emitted by the laser transmitter of this instrument belongs to Class 3A laser. It is dangerous to face the laser beam directly; It is generally safe to observe diffuse reflection.
5B8 L01 Special Accessories for Laser Directional Electronic Theodolite8.1. Rechargeable battery:Main parameters of rechargeable battery:Battery type: rechargeable Ni-MH battery;Nominal voltage: 7.2 V;Nominal capacity: 2200mAh.8.2, fast charger:(1) Main parameters of special charger:Input voltage: 100–240 V, 50/60Hz.Output: 9V—0.6ACharging time: 4h(2) Instructions for use:A, the charger is specially designed for the battery. The charger is a simple automatic voltage monitoring and protection charger, which can monitor the charging voltage of the battery at any time during the charging process. During the required charging time, the charger will keep a constant current to charge the battery. If the charging time is exceeded and the terminal voltage of the battery reaches the set protection voltage, the charging current will be automatically reduced to protect the battery from being overcharged and damaged.B, the charger uses red and green light-emitting diodes as instructions. When the 220V input voltage and the battery pack are completely connected, the indicator light will light up. If one party is not connected, the indicator light will not light up. The red indicator lights up during charging. When the battery is fully charged, the indicator light turns green.C, because the Ni-MH battery has no memory effect, it can be charged at any time. The time for recharging can be estimated by yourself.9. Complete set of GPJ-A01 track smoothness laser detector(1) l01 laser directional electronic theodolite 1.2 l02 benchmark positioning target 1(3) l03 mobile measuring target 1(4) One copy of GPJ series instruction manual.5] 1 certificate.10, the use of environmental conditionsOverall environment: the field visibility conditions are good, and there is no vibration within 300m;Ambient temperature:–20c ∽+50c without direct sunlight;Visibility: visual distance ≥ 500 m;Environmental humidity: ≤90% RH without condensation of water droplets;Temperature change speed: ≤ 1.5c/1h;Wind speed: ≤ 5m/s;Weather conditions: the atmospheric density on the ground surface is generally sparse and dense under the action of gravity, which causes the atmospheric density in the vertical direction to change gradually. The atmospheric temperature and pressure change with the ground height, and the ground atmospheric pressure at the same height can be regarded as the same. Therefore, only the atmospheric temperature and ground atmospheric pressure at the two ends are tested. According to a large number of experimental data and calculations, when the temperature changes by 1 ºC, it is about 1ppm (that is, 1km changes by 1mm), and the influence of atmospheric refraction difference changes by about 0.1mm for 100m m. In order to minimize the influence of external environment on the whole measurement and test process, the test is carried out under the following conditions:The test was conducted between 6 pm and 9 am, without direct sunlight;The temperature difference between the two ends of 100m is less than 1.5ºC and the air pressure change is less than 1.2ppm；.In the harsh meteorological environment and without direct sunlight, such as high temperature (> 50°C) and high humidity (> 90% RH), the light spot may be unclear and jumping, so it is suggested to shorten the measuring chord length, and the adjustment amount shall be subject to the operator's interpretation.11, field application examplesThis example is edited on the basis of the practical application of Shanghai Works Section of Shanghai Railway Bureau for reference only.4.18 The running of EMU trains, the smoothness of trains at high speed and the comfort of passengers require more and more track smoothness. Our section has the most speed-up lines in Shanghai Bureau and the only 250km/h running section in the bureau, so the quality of track control is under great pressure.One of the main problems of track irregularity is the difficulty in regulating track irregularity. It is difficult to judge the value of track deviation of existing lines due to the original objective conditions and the way of manually straightening the lines by naked eyes for many years. Especially in the turnout area of the station, influenced by the turnout structure and track light belt, most of them have large and small directions, which are not easy to be found by naked eyes. After long-term operation, the rails in the turnout area will produce uneven and other directional diseases, which will finally seriously affect the comfort and stability of EMU operation. In addition, after 4.18, the EMU started to run in batches, and the "professional repair and skylight repair" were carried out in the speed-up section. The maintenance and repair work was turned into night, which was more difficult due to the limitation of lighting and human physiological conditions, resulting in more shaking of the line in my section (especially in the turnout area). Therefore, we quoted the GPJ-A01 laser track smoothness detector operation detection tool to cooperate with the manual dialing operation to rectify the line disease-prone sections in the pipeline. From March 3, 2008 to the present (April 20, 2008), after a month and a half of use, a set of track regulation methods has been basically explored, and the regulation effect is good, which can be popularized in a wide range. The specific usage is summarized as follows:I. How to use the laser detector for track smoothness1. Selection of starting and ending positions of laser detector and other preparations. During turnout operation, a steel bar shall be laid between the two lines about 20 meters before the turnout point rail and after the turnout heel. Requirements from the ballast shoulder 20cm, 1.1m deep, positioning pile below the rail surface.Before instrument measurement, the workshop director, technician or foreman shall set the starting point (laser directional electronic theodolite) and ending point (target point) of the laser detector during the day, and mark the rail with white paint. The measuring end position requires good direction, smooth rail surface, and try to avoid rail fat edge, side grinding and other areas.The effective measuring range of GPJ-A01 track smoothness laser detector is about 100 meters, and the maximum is 120 meters. When the distance in the turnout area is long, the method of sleeve piercing (after half the distance of operation, the laser emission point moves forward and benchmarks, and the operation continues) can be used for continuous measurement, and the length of sleeve piercing is determined according to the field situation (the range is about 20-30 meters).2. Field measurement.(1) Before measurement, use calibration target to calibrate two moving targets.(2) Place the laser electronic directional theodolite and the mobile measuring target base on the top surface of the rail respectively, with the reference edge close to the inner side of the rail head on the same side (the rail action edge is 16mm away from the rail point).(3) Tighten the fixed handwheel of the base of the laser-oriented electronic theodolite to make it reliably connected with the rail head, adjust the adjusting horizontal handwheel of the laser-oriented electronic theodolite until its long bubble is centered, and tighten the spring against the spiral handwheel to keep the horizontal bubble at zero, otherwise readjust the adjusting handwheel. At the same time, adjust the horizontal handwheels of the two moving measuring targets until the bubbles on the base are centered.(4) Turn on the power supply of the laser-oriented electronic theodolite, loosen the horizontal micro-motion screw and the vertical micro-motion screw, and rotate the telescope of the laser-oriented electronic theodolite until the horizontal and vertical angles of the line of sight of the ring grid are displayed on its LCD. Roughly adjust the line of sight of the ring grid of the laser-oriented electronic theodolite: rotate the laser-oriented electronic theodolite to adjust the horizontal rotation angle so that the line of sight of the ring grid of the laser-oriented electronic theodolite is basically parallel to the track and points to the measuring target; Tighten the horizontal inching screw and the vertical inching screw. The laser beam can also be directly emitted into the measurement target panel by using the laser visible light band.(5) Point the telescope at the bright place, and focus the eyepiece to make the crosshairs clearly visible (when adjusting, turn the eyepiece focusing ring in the direction of the observer, and then focus in the opposite direction). Turn the telescope focusing handwheel to focus the target. Fine-tune the horizontal micro-motion screw and the vertical micro-motion screw until the center spot of the ring grid of the laser-oriented electronic theodolite coincides with the center of the positioning receiving light target. The center spot of the ring grid of the laser-oriented electronic theodolite and the center of the positioning receiving light target can also be adjusted and overlapped through the walkie-talkie pointing or Bluetooth receiver. Clear the angle display of the level to zero.(6) Use target 2 to continuously measure every five sleepers. When the direction deviation is greater than 1mm, mark the measured direction on the sleepers with white paint. When measuring, we should avoid the special positions such as the sharp rail tip, the center rail tip and the planing point. The dialing amount in special position can be determined by interpolation and string drawing.(7) The monitoring angle changes during operation, and it shall be corrected in time when it is greater than 2'. Monitor the position of the laser spot on the target 1 every time the adjacent line comes to the car, and align it in time if there is any deviation. At the end of the measurement, the target 2 should be placed at the position of the target 1, and the center position of the target 2 should be checked again to ensure the accuracy of the measurement data.(8) After the survey, according to the arrangement of positioning piles in the turnout area, there are 7 piles in each group, one in front of the turnout switch 20 meters (numbered as 1), five switches (numbered as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 from the switch rail to the fork root) and one in the back 20 meters (numbered as 7).Measure the transverse distance, deduct or add the dial amount measured by the laser instrument, and make an electronic account by the workshop technician as the basis for on-site maintenance.3. Comprehensive inspection of turnoutAfter the survey, the turnout diseases in the turnout section are comprehensively investigated, including turnout frame size, rail diseases, welded joint diseases, etc.Second, the construction organization plan1. Blocking time: the application for night skylight shall not be less than 90 minutes.2. Operation process:
5B8 L01 Special Accessories for Laser Directional Electronic Theodolite8.1. Rechargeable battery:Main parameters of rechargeable battery:Battery type: rechargeable Ni-MH battery;Nominal voltage: 7.2 V;Nominal capacity: 2200mAh.8.2, fast charger:(1) Main parameters of special charger:Input voltage: 100–240 V, 50/60Hz.Output: 9V—0.6ACharging time: 4h(2) Instructions for use:A, the charger is specially designed for the battery. The charger is a simple automatic voltage monitoring and protection charger, which can monitor the charging voltage of the battery at any time during the charging process. During the required charging time, the charger will keep a constant current to charge the battery. If the charging time is exceeded and the terminal voltage of the battery reaches the set protection voltage, the charging current will be automatically reduced to protect the battery from being overcharged and damaged.B, the charger uses red and green light-emitting diodes as instructions. When the 220V input voltage and the battery pack are completely connected, the indicator light will light up. If one party is not connected, the indicator light will not light up. The red indicator lights up during charging. When the battery is fully charged, the indicator light turns green.C, because the Ni-MH battery has no memory effect, it can be charged at any time. The time for recharging can be estimated by yourself.9. Complete set of GPJ-A01 track smoothness laser detector(1) l01 laser directional electronic theodolite 1.2 l02 benchmark positioning target 1(3) l03 mobile measuring target 1(4) One copy of GPJ series instruction manual.5] 1 certificate.10, the use of environmental conditionsOverall environment: the field visibility conditions are good, and there is no vibration within 300m;Ambient temperature:–20c ∽+50c without direct sunlight;Visibility: visual distance ≥ 500 m;Environmental humidity: ≤90% RH without condensation of water droplets;Temperature change speed: ≤ 1.5c/1h;Wind speed: ≤ 5m/s;Weather conditions: the atmospheric density on the ground surface is generally sparse and dense under the action of gravity, which causes the atmospheric density in the vertical direction to change gradually. The atmospheric temperature and pressure change with the ground height, and the ground atmospheric pressure at the same height can be regarded as the same. Therefore, only the atmospheric temperature and ground atmospheric pressure at the two ends are tested. According to a large number of experimental data and calculations, when the temperature changes by 1 ºC, it is about 1ppm (that is, 1km changes by 1mm), and the influence of atmospheric refraction difference changes by about 0.1mm for 100m m. In order to minimize the influence of external environment on the whole measurement and test process, the test is carried out under the following conditions:The test was conducted between 6 pm and 9 am, without direct sunlight;The temperature difference between the two ends of 100m is less than 1.5ºC and the air pressure change is less than 1.2ppm；.In the harsh meteorological environment and without direct sunlight, such as high temperature (> 50°C) and high humidity (> 90% RH), the light spot may be unclear and jumping, so it is suggested to shorten the measuring chord length, and the adjustment amount shall be subject to the operator's interpretation.11, field application examplesThis example is edited on the basis of the practical application of Shanghai Works Section of Shanghai Railway Bureau for reference only.4.18 The running of EMU trains, the smoothness of trains at high speed and the comfort of passengers require more and more track smoothness. Our section has the most speed-up lines in Shanghai Bureau and the only 250km/h running section in the bureau, so the quality of track control is under great pressure.One of the main problems of track irregularity is the difficulty in regulating track irregularity. It is difficult to judge the value of track deviation of existing lines due to the original objective conditions and the way of manually straightening the lines by naked eyes for many years. Especially in the turnout area of the station, influenced by the turnout structure and track light belt, most of them have large and small directions, which are not easy to be found by naked eyes. After long-term operation, the rails in the turnout area will produce uneven and other directional diseases, which will finally seriously affect the comfort and stability of EMU operation. In addition, after 4.18, the EMU started to run in batches, and the "professional repair and skylight repair" were carried out in the speed-up section. The maintenance and repair work was turned into night, which was more difficult due to the limitation of lighting and human physiological conditions, resulting in more shaking of the line in my section (especially in the turnout area). Therefore, we quoted the GPJ-A01 laser track smoothness detector operation detection tool to cooperate with the manual dialing operation to rectify the line disease-prone sections in the pipeline. From March 3, 2008 to the present (April 20, 2008), after a month and a half of use, a set of track regulation methods has been basically explored, and the regulation effect is good, which can be popularized in a wide range. The specific usage is summarized as follows:I. How to use the laser detector for track smoothness1. Selection of starting and ending positions of laser detector and other preparations. During turnout operation, a steel bar shall be laid between the two lines about 20 meters before the turnout point rail and after the turnout heel. Requirements from the ballast shoulder 20cm, 1.1m deep, positioning pile below the rail surface.Before instrument measurement, the workshop director, technician or foreman shall set the starting point (laser directional electronic theodolite) and ending point (target point) of the laser detector during the day, and mark the rail with white paint. The measuring end position requires good direction, smooth rail surface, and try to avoid rail fat edge, side grinding and other areas.The effective measuring range of GPJ-A01 track smoothness laser detector is about 100 meters, and the maximum is 120 meters. When the distance in the turnout area is long, the method of sleeve piercing (after half the distance of operation, the laser emission point moves forward and benchmarks, and the operation continues) can be used for continuous measurement, and the length of sleeve piercing is determined according to the field situation (the range is about 20-30 meters).2. Field measurement.(1) Before measurement, use calibration target to calibrate two moving targets.(2) Place the laser electronic directional theodolite and the mobile measuring target base on the top surface of the rail respectively, with the reference edge close to the inner side of the rail head on the same side (the rail action edge is 16mm away from the rail point).(3) Tighten the fixed handwheel of the base of the laser-oriented electronic theodolite to make it reliably connected with the rail head, adjust the adjusting horizontal handwheel of the laser-oriented electronic theodolite until its long bubble is centered, and tighten the spring against the spiral handwheel to keep the horizontal bubble at zero, otherwise readjust the adjusting handwheel. At the same time, adjust the horizontal handwheels of the two moving measuring targets until the bubbles on the base are centered.(4) Turn on the power supply of the laser-oriented electronic theodolite, loosen the horizontal micro-motion screw and the vertical micro-motion screw, and rotate the telescope of the laser-oriented electronic theodolite until the horizontal and vertical angles of the line of sight of the ring grid are displayed on its LCD. Roughly adjust the line of sight of the ring grid of the laser-oriented electronic theodolite: rotate the laser-oriented electronic theodolite to adjust the horizontal rotation angle so that the line of sight of the ring grid of the laser-oriented electronic theodolite is basically parallel to the track and points to the measuring target; Tighten the horizontal inching screw and the vertical inching screw. The laser beam can also be directly emitted into the measurement target panel by using the laser visible light band.(5) Point the telescope at the bright place, and focus the eyepiece to make the crosshairs clearly visible (when adjusting, turn the eyepiece focusing ring in the direction of the observer, and then focus in the opposite direction). Turn the telescope focusing handwheel to focus the target. Fine-tune the horizontal micro-motion screw and the vertical micro-motion screw until the center spot of the ring grid of the laser-oriented electronic theodolite coincides with the center of the positioning receiving light target. The center spot of the ring grid of the laser-oriented electronic theodolite and the center of the positioning receiving light target can also be adjusted and overlapped through the walkie-talkie pointing or Bluetooth receiver. Clear the angle display of the level to zero.(6) Use target 2 to continuously measure every five sleepers. When the direction deviation is greater than 1mm, mark the measured direction on the sleepers with white paint. When measuring, we should avoid the special positions such as the sharp rail tip, the center rail tip and the planing point. The dialing amount in special position can be determined by interpolation and string drawing.(7) The monitoring angle changes during operation, and it shall be corrected in time when it is greater than 2'. Monitor the position of the laser spot on the target 1 every time the adjacent line comes to the car, and align it in time if there is any deviation. At the end of the measurement, the target 2 should be placed at the position of the target 1, and the center position of the target 2 should be checked again to ensure the accuracy of the measurement data.(8) After the survey, according to the arrangement of positioning piles in the turnout area, there are 7 piles in each group, one in front of the turnout switch 20 meters (numbered as 1), five switches (numbered as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 from the switch rail to the fork root) and one in the back 20 meters (numbered as 7).Measure the transverse distance, deduct or add the dial amount measured by the laser instrument, and make an electronic account by the workshop technician as the basis for on-site maintenance.3. Comprehensive inspection of turnoutAfter the survey, the turnout diseases in the turnout section are comprehensively investigated, including turnout frame size, rail diseases, welded joint diseases, etc.Second, the construction organization plan1. Blocking time: the application for night skylight shall not be less than 90 minutes.2. Operation process:
3, check the labor organization: 1 laser detector; Target 2 people; Record and write paint mark 1 person; 1 person for station and 1 person for site protection.4. Main machines and tools: 1 laser-oriented electronic theodolite; Move 2 targets; 1 calibration target; 1 5m tape measure; 2 walkie-talkies (excluding protection) and 3 small lighting lamps; White paint and a writing brush.5. The next day after the measurement, check the comprehensive state of the turnout, and organize labor to manually dial the way (avoid the running time of the EMU) and rectify other diseases.(1) Make up the ballast and correct the track gauge in the track-shifting section before the track-shifting. It is required that the shoulder width of the ballast bed should be not less than 450mm, and the ballast at the pillow end of the track section should be removed.(2) Track shifting shall be carried out according to the amount marked on the sleeper, and 3 track shifting machines shall be used in the line and 4 track shifting machines shall be used in the turnout area. After the operation, the opposite pillow end of the basic strand is tamped with an internal combustion tamping rod (20mm away from the pillow).(3) Pull the horizontal distance back to check, and re-dial if it exceeds 2mm.(4) At the same time, according to the investigation workload, the comprehensive improvement of turnout (frame size adjustment, rail and joint polishing, etc.) is carried out according to the requirements and standards of turnout integration.6, after the implementation of the turnout and comprehensive improvement, the rail surface and structural state shall be implemented according to the acceptance standard of the integrated operation of the section.Attachment 1: Electronic account for transverse distance measurement of each group of turnouts
III. ImplementationSince March 3rd, our section has carried out the turnouts at Lujiabang Station 4#, Suxi Station 4 #-6 #, Huangdu Station 3 #-9 #, Zhengyi Station 3 #-7 #, Luoshe Station 1#, Henglin Station 4 #-6 #, Weiting Station 8 #-12 # and Waikuatang Station 4 #-6 #.In the remediation work, we adopted two methods: ① measuring while dialing; ② measuring before dialing.(A) while measuring and dialing methodThe operation flow chart is as follows:
The main machine includes: 1 set of laser track shifting trolley (1 gun and 2 targets); 3 track shifters (25t), 3 internal combustion tamping rods and 2 ballast rakes; Radio 6.The main process of track shifting: move the marker rake 1 from far to near, command track shifting according to the laser spot offset on the target (the offset is written on the pillow end synchronously), continuously shift tracks every five hafnium pillows (2 lines and 3 turnouts are placed in a zigzag shape), observe the marker rake while shifting tracks, and tamp the track bed at one end with a tamping rod after shifting tracks.Operation requirements: the offset is greater than 1mm, and the lane shifting operation shall be implemented; When the offset is greater than 1mm during the back inspection, dial the way. The opposite pillow end of the basic strand of the channel shall be tamped with a tamping rod, and each pillow shall vibrate for not less than 30 seconds (20 seconds for pillow and 10 seconds for pillow box).1. On March 3rd, 4# bifurcation at Lujiabang Station was measured and dialed:(1), the field data
The main machine includes: 1 set of laser track shifting trolley (1 gun and 2 targets); 3 track shifters (25t), 3 internal combustion tamping rods and 2 ballast rakes; Radio 6.The main process of track shifting: move the marker rake 1 from far to near, command track shifting according to the laser spot offset on the target (the offset is written on the pillow end synchronously), continuously shift tracks every five hafnium pillows (2 lines and 3 turnouts are placed in a zigzag shape), observe the marker rake while shifting tracks, and tamp the track bed at one end with a tamping rod after shifting tracks.Operation requirements: the offset is greater than 1mm, and the lane shifting operation shall be implemented; When the offset is greater than 1mm during the back inspection, dial the way. The opposite pillow end of the basic strand of the channel shall be tamped with a tamping rod, and each pillow shall vibrate for not less than 30 seconds (20 seconds for pillow and 10 seconds for pillow box).1. On March 3rd, 4# bifurcation at Lujiabang Station was measured and dialed:(1), the field data
② Data of back inspection: there are 3 places (in the switch rail, the center rail and behind the fork) with the maximum direction of 3mm,5mm1 level (fork heel), 6.5mm1 high head (middle of switch rail)③ Dynamic acceptance: when adding a ride, the feeling of shaking is obvious, and 0.10 is added to one place of water.2. On March 6th, at No.3-No.7 Branch of Zhengyi Station.Dynamic acceptance: the feeling of shaking is obvious when adding a ride, and there are three places where the water is added by 0.10.3. On March 12th, at No.4-No.6 junction of Suxi Railway Station.Dynamic acceptance: when adding a ride, the feeling of shaking is obvious, and there is one water addition of 0.13.Summary: The method of measuring and dialing at the same time is difficult to dial in place at one time because of the mutual influence of adjacent dialing points, and if the turnout lane in the skylight point cannot be reached in place at night, the recheck will often cause the rail surface to be raised, which will lead to poor operation effect. Therefore, we think that the overall effect of the operation method of measuring while dialing is not ideal under the current night skylight operation conditions.(2) Test before dialing.1. On March 26th, No.1 branch of Luoshe Station was surveyed by skylight at night, and the train was used to dial lanes at intervals during the day (avoiding the running time of EMU, and dialing several times when the volume is large):① Field data
② Data of back inspection: there are 3 places (in the switch rail, the center rail and behind the fork) with the maximum direction of 3mm,5mm1 level (fork heel), 6.5mm1 high head (middle of switch rail)③ Dynamic acceptance: when adding a ride, the feeling of shaking is obvious, and 0.10 is added to one place of water.2. On March 6th, at No.3-No.7 Branch of Zhengyi Station.Dynamic acceptance: the feeling of shaking is obvious when adding a ride, and there are three places where the water is added by 0.10.3. On March 12th, at No.4-No.6 junction of Suxi Railway Station.Dynamic acceptance: when adding a ride, the feeling of shaking is obvious, and there is one water addition of 0.13.Summary: The method of measuring and dialing at the same time is difficult to dial in place at one time because of the mutual influence of adjacent dialing points, and if the turnout lane in the skylight point cannot be reached in place at night, the recheck will often cause the rail surface to be raised, which will lead to poor operation effect. Therefore, we think that the overall effect of the operation method of measuring while dialing is not ideal under the current night skylight operation conditions.(2) Test before dialing.1. On March 26th, No.1 branch of Luoshe Station was surveyed by skylight at night, and the train was used to dial lanes at intervals during the day (avoiding the running time of EMU, and dialing several times when the volume is large):① Field data
② On the 28th, the lane was dialed during the day, and the laser re-survey was conducted at night. The data of the re-survey showed that there were three places with the maximum direction of 4mm; At 3mm1, the rail tip of 1# turnout and the line before turnout are 5 mm in the "S" direction, and the line after turnout (at the warning sign) has a small direction. The direction of the whole set of turnouts is better.③ Dynamic acceptance: I feel that the line is shaking from the fork tip before the fork, and there is one place where the water is added by 0.09. It is basically consistent with the measured data. According to the measured data, it feels good to add a ride after the rectification of the railway line at the sharp rail point and before the fork.The spacing between the two turnout control piles is as follows:
2. On April 1st, at the No.3-No.7 branch of Zhengyi Station.Dynamic acceptance: after the combination of shifting, changing and bending during the day (big shifting, small changing and hard bending), the human body feels good when adding a ride, eliminating the sway of the car and achieving the purpose of the operation.We also used this method to rectify the 1# turnout in Luoshe and 3 #-9 # turnout in Huang Du. During the additional ride on April 11th, the human body felt good, and the long-standing car sway was eliminated, which achieved good results.Summary: By comparing the data of laser measurement (the position of laser point is unchanged) of Luoshe 1# turnout twice and the distance between turnout control piles, the direction of measurement is consistent with the direction of comprehensive inspection during the day, and we think the data of laser measurement is more accurate and credible.By comparing the effects of measuring while dialing and measuring before dialing in the calibrator station 3 #-7 #, it is feasible to use the measuring before dialing in Beijing-Shanghai trunk line, for example.
